Transport and Logistics and E-Commerce Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transport and Logistics and E-Commerce - Article Example the crossing over up of the hole of geological areas, empowering the correlation of loads of an item at different retailers without visiting them actually and so on. A whole online business can exist practically aside from it coordinations and transport tasks that have their own physical presence. These activities are regularly spread over a huge range of topographical areas particularly on account of universally acclaimed online business exchanges. It is in such comparable circumstances that coordinations gets one of the most unpredictable zones in an e-business. It is frequently a best thought that internet business online interfaces rent their coordinations and transport related activity to outsider sellers. These merchants are required to help a business with its gracefully chain, warehousing of merchandise, and combination of shipments, request satisfaction and opposite coordinations. An awesome case of productive and solid outsider sellers is MRL Logistics. MRL Logistics spends significant time in its zone of coordinations and transport. This is advantageous for web based business sites as the reason for their business needs the greater part of their core interest. Spending an excess of consideration on transport and coordinations may bring about dismissing of essential tasks. Web based business and Logistics are both separate ever-developing areas that need separate advancement and repair on their own end. Its most appropriate that the individuals practicing for this assignment and completely refreshed in it be drawn nearer for it as they represent considerable authority in it. MRL Logistics gladly separates itself as a supplier of praiseworthy, immaculate and financially savvy Transport and Logistic needs of your business. On the off chance that you need your strategic should be satisfied consummately, with time effectiveness and security of your cargo than what else could be better than completing it from MRL Logistics? Dr S.J.C.M. Weijers, Dr D. Rouwenhorst, P. Huijbregts, Dr Ing S. Rozemeijer. Virtual Certainties about E-business, Transport and Logistic. Transport Research Center. [Online]

Racism In Animated Films Essay -- Movies Film Disney

Prejudice in Animated Films While Disney enlivened movies are the perfect family motion pictures, it is undisclosed to numerous that such bigotry is being depicted. Once in a while do we get some information about the beginnings and expectations of the messages we experience through broad communications; here and there we overlook that [producers] have inceptions or aims by any stretch of the imagination (Lipsitz 5). The social imbalance found in such mainstream society can be because of a few reasons. As indicated by David Croteau and William Hoynes in Racial Crossroads, media substance can be the impression of makers, crowd inclination, or society all in all (Croteau and Hoynes 352). In their movies or other such media, makers frequently think about close to home encounters. At the end of the day, they may draw on their own family lives for story motivation (Croteau and Hoynes 352). With most of makers being White guys, particularly when movies were first being made and even up right up 'til the present time, films reflect how they see life. The makers of mainstream cultureâ… see themselves simply making signs and images suitable to their crowds and to themselves (Lipsitz 13). Disney makers just mirror their own perspectives on life in some way or the perspectives on the greater part which so happens to be the White race. The racial domination we find in the media isn't reality, nor is the depiction of different races. For the greater part of Disney's vivified films, if minorities are not the reprobates or those of lower class and maybe less significance, there are none being spoken to in the film by any stretch of the imagination. It is great for the legend to be a white male though different characters, for example, underhanded scalawags are of a minority race. In the glad ever after motion pictures where the princess in trouble is safeguarded by the attractive solid sovereign or male figure... ... In so saying, it is truly feasible for enlivened movies to add to the prejudice waiting still on the planet today. The isolation of individuals is never going to end totally when film makers think that its important to isolate races as opposed to regarding all as equivalents. At the point when makers delineate reality, White matchless quality and race division, I expect, will reduce extraordinarily. Works Cited Cox, Starr. Deconstructing the Mouse: Disney and Racism. . 19 November 2005. Croteau, David, and William Hoynes. Social Inequality and Media Representation. Racial Crossroads. Ed. Yolanda Flores Niemann. Dubuque: Prentice Hall, 2005: 349-379. Lipsitz, George. Mainstream society: This Ain't No Sideshow. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press: 3-20. Maio, Kathy. Ladies, Race and Culture in Disney's films. The New Internationalist. . 19 June 1999.

Quran Question and Answer Corpus †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Quran Question and Answer Corpus. Answer: Presentation: The Dystopian fiction helps in producing writing for investigating the social and policy driven issues which are related with the people groups life. This anecdotal stage helps in depicting the mankind issues and culture with the conceivable result soon. The impression of the novel character helps in perceiving and assessing the social issues which exist with the advancement of humankind. In this setting we are concentrating on the tragic fiction business related to hunger games and In the new scene. There are numerous feelings of trepidation which are related with the cutting edge society comparable to the social, political, and instructive dangers which can be depicted in the tragic fiction world. The yearning game is depicted by Katniss to invigorate the passionate conduct of the ladies. During the oppression, she worked for bringing insurgency for her nation. She has relinquished her life and gotten perfect for his more youthful sister. The legislature had governed on the feelings and related recollections of the individuals during power over individuals of the nation. The Protagonist Joans, couldn't uncover his recollections related with that condition. He demonstrated his feeling to the universe through his eyes. The writing uncovers that the recollections ought to be imparted to different individual since it give forlornness more than torment. The human life took a shot at the rule of youth which implies that one can carry on with an actual existence free and all alone. Th e way of life of the human conduct spoke to in the tragic novel aides in uncovering the data identified with human conduct that how one ought to act in the more terrible circumstance. It is anything but difficult to carry on with an existence of satisfaction and hard to confront the issues, all things considered, situation. In the craving game, the creator needs to depict the life of subjection in which human doesn't have an opportunity to demonstrate his feeling to anybody. The main route through which human can introduce his recollections and feeling that is through sobbing eyes. The tears from the eyes show the depression which he is looking in the realm of servitude. The bliss of life ought to be relinquished for other people. This writing helps in giving the feeling of living through the characters of the novel. The ground-breaking effect can be found in the life of the human by receiving the job of tragic character in his every day schedule work. The noteworthy recollections of the novel on the craving game assistance in centering the life of the disobedience heavily influenced by others. The internal flashes of the individual aides in accomplishing their target of life. For instance, the character Katniss had relinquished his life for humankind to make them liberated from servitude and character Joans, helps in examining the feeling which one should feel by seeing his eye that he is agony of dejection. The recollections of the life ought to be shared to determine the issues of forlornness. The feeling of living ought to be created with the perusing of tragic fiction personality. Individuals ought not carry on with the life of the wild creature who doesn't view the issue of others and need to carry on wi th their existence with no concerns of mankind. In the new scene novel, the creator Bruce Dawe needs to depict that with the expanding utilization of vehicles, the universe of vehicle will be created soon. The combined utilization of vehicle will change over a world in which just the sound of speeding up will be heard notwithstanding the sweet solid of feathered creatures. The peeping sound of the winged creature will be lost in haziness. The nation will be loaded with smokes because of the inordinate utilization of vehicles out and about side. There will be no space for vehicle driver for example for humankind. The avenues and territory will be stuffed with the stop light or traffic lights for controlling the blockage of the vehicle on the side of the road. The driver and walkers are furnished with the underground street to get protected driving in the realm of vehicle. No yelping of mutts will be heard in the underground way created for driver and people on foot. The outrageous cutting of the trees will be done to build the leav ing regions for the vehicle. With the progression of time, there will be a world without any trees. We have never have an idea that what we are going to provide for our forthcoming age. The nature is totally going to be decimated with the expanding advancement and exorbitant use of the vehicle. The up and coming age will be granted with the universe of horns as opposed to tweeting sound of feathered creatures, no new oxygen from the nursery toward the beginning of the day due to overcutting of trees for building leaving territories, day by day hymn tune in the sound of vehicle horns, expanding number of death because of the diminishing pace of life supporting framework which are trees for human. In the forthcoming future with the expanding request of vehicles, there just vehicle will stay because of the total devastation of mankind. In this writing, the writer need to depict that development pace of vehicles will bring about the universe of future wherein no life will be there a direct result of the annihilation to the existence supporting framework for human which are trees. The up and coming age won't know about the sweet peeping sound of the winged creatures. From morning till night, they live in the realm of vehicle. The tragic novel characters helps in investigating the significance of trees and nature to the life of the individuals. The progression ought to be taken to determine the issues which are related with the vehicle. The expanding level of contamination will be significant peril for the pulverization to the humankind. The difficulties and issues identified with the development of unreasonable utilization of vehicles ought to be made plans to give a protected and secure life to our little ones. They ought to have an opportunity to live in the realm of nature wherein they can listen sweet twittering sound of winged animals, take new oxygen from the greenery of the nursery, and tune in to the day by day petitions with no interruption from the vehicle horns, the world liberated from smoke, and others. The tragic anecdotal characters of the novel assistance in examining the genuine issues which can directly affect the public activity of the individuals. The progression ought to be taken to determine these issues right off the bat in reality situation. The feeling of living ought to be created with the perusing of tragic fiction persona. The way of life of the human conduct spoke to in the tragic novel aides in uncovering the data identified with human conduct that how one ought to carry on in the more regrettable circumstance. It is anything but difficult to carry on with an existence of satisfaction and hard to confront the issues, all things considered, situation. This anecdotal stage helps in depicting the humankind issues and culture with the conceivable result sooner rather than later. The over two situations helps in examining the issues looked by the individuals at the hour of bondage. It is hard to control their feeling without talking a word to someone else. The sentiment of dejection is increasingly difficult. The evil impacts of contamination can be investigated with the subsequent story. The destructive impacts of vehicle usage ought to be estimated and pertinent advances ought to be taken to give an endowment of nature to our off springs. The tragic grating writing gives a stage where the recollections of the life can be shared to determine the issues of dejection. References Akhir, N. S. M. (2017). Conservation of the Environment as indicated by the Quran and the Analysis of Environmental Issues in Malaysia Imaaduddin Abdul Halim1. Akhir, N. S. M., Halim, I. A. (2017). Conservation of the Environment as indicated by the Quran and the Analysis of Environmental Issues in Malaysia. Alexander, N. G. (2018). Christianity and race in the American south: a history. Arbabi, M., Noormohamadi, M. R. (2014). Assessing the Situation and Rights of Environment in Islamic Lifestyle, From the Viewpoint of Quran and Narrations.Islam Life Center Health,1(4). Arumugam, M. (2017). Condition and Its Protection in Christianity.International Journal of Innovative Knowledge Concepts,5(10). Clements, J. M., Xiao, C., McCright, A. M. (2014). An assessment of the greening of Christianity proposition among Americans, 19932010.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,53(2), 373-391. Hamoud, B., Atwell, E. (2016, February). Quran question and answer corpus for information mining with WEKA. InBasic Sciences and Engineering Studies (SGCAC), 2016 Conference of(pp. 211-216). IEEE. Konisky, D. M. (2018). The greening of Christianity? An investigation of ecological perspectives over time.Environmental Politics,27(2), 267-291. Meraj, M. A. (2016). Islamic Approach to The Environment and The Role's in The Environment Protected.Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun,4(1), 1-14. Raei, M., Vaezi, S. H. (2015). RIGHT TO ENVIRONMENT IN IMAMIEH JURISPRUDENCE.Social Behavior and Personality,43, 2. Scales, T. L., Kelly, M. S. (2016). Christianity and social work: Readings on the reconciliation of Christian confidence and social work practice. Weiss, A. (2016). The City as a Living Space of the first Christians The Early Christianity in quite a while Environment Reply.

Dramatisation Of Macbeth †Explain And Evaluate Essay

Presentation Macbeth is an emotional play since it experiences numerous stages and all through these phases there are blended sentiments among characters and these are depicted as sensational. Macbeth as a play includes numerous topics as he changes from great to fiendish, love, allurement, aspiration, prevarication, and debasement. These subjects must be depicted as it were, which gives most extreme impact and comprehension of the characters performance. There are two primary manners by which Macbeth can be performed. Through the language and through physical techniques. A physical technique is a term I like to use to clarify anything which is done truly and depicts the possibility that should be conveyed over. For example garments, lighting†¦ Depiction Through Language There are numerous manners by which Macbeth can be sensationalized through language. All through my exploration on Macbeth I discovered many. Shakespeare will in general utilize numerous procedures so as to depict his message through language, and in certainty he utilizes language more than some other technique. Speeches. A talk is a monolog spoken by a specific character that is distant from everyone else in front of an audience or accept that the individual is separated from everyone else. It uncovers their inward contemplations and will. So you as a watcher will have the option to know reality when he as a character doesn’t realize that you do, this performs the issue that he discusses and places profundity in to it, making it additionally intriguing. Shakespeare utilizes this technique in numerous events. One fundamental event in which he utilized a discourse is when Macbeth was close to the incredible divider and he is picking climate to murder or not to slaughter since he realizes that on the off chance that he does there will be results, he says this to himself ‘ But in these cases, We despite everything have judgment here that we however show Bloody instructions’. Shakespeare performs the circumstance utilizing this strategy. Another strategy that Shakespeare utilizes is called Prose. He ordinarily does this on characters that are low status however he never dreaded to defy that guideline. There are just five writing groupings inside the entire play. 1. Macbeths letter to his better half 2. The Porter 3. Macbeth’s discussion with the professional killers 4. Some portion of woman Mac duff’s discussion with her child 5. Woman Macbeth’s sleepwalking An exposition is a word to clarify somebody clarifying the subject she/he is discussing. Normally Shakespeare will in general utilize a refrain before an exposition. A stanza is a significant method utilized by Shakespeare too. Likely the most widely recognized procedure utilized in Macbeth is his renowned clear section (unrhyming lines with a five beat cadence: ‘iambic pentameter’). In a clear refrain each line has five iambs (feet), each with a focused on (/) and unstressed (X) syllable: X/X/X/X/X/ ‘So reasonable/and foul/a day/I have/not seen’ Shakespeare utilizes clear section deftly, making the musicality of the characters discourse exceptionally suitable to the significance, the temperament, and the speaker’s importance and state of mind, this is the way Shakespeare performs utilizing this method. Shakespeare couldn't do this without making new words to coordinate the clear section H. A normal individual would have a jargon of 6,000 words. A gauge of Shakespeare’s jargon would be around 30,000 words. He made new words in such a basic and reasonable way. He does this by the utilization of Hyphen. Macbeth is loaded with Hyphenated words, many are natural to the point that we don't remember them as Shakespeare’s. These words help to perform Macbeth in the manner that it adds more detail to anything Shakespeare was attempting to clarify about the circumstance or the character. Instances of a portion of his new words: * New-conceived * Firm-set * New-incubated * Live-long * Bare-confronted * Earth-bound * Lily-livered * Cut-throat This shows Shakespeare likes to perform and make meaning climate with some hugeness inside his plays. Particularly Macbeth is an incredible case of his endeavors to depict his sensation and critical importance impact on the watcher causing the watcher to see more than he typically should. Shakespeare is never hesitant to rehash himself or routinely utilize a word. The accompanying words were utilized the most; you will discover them utilized consistently: * Blood (for example Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says ‘It will have blood; they state, blood will have blood: Stones have been known to move and trees to speak; Augurs and comprehended relations have, by parasite pies and choughs and rooks delivered The mystery man of blood. What is the night’) * Fear (for example Scene Act 1 Scene IIII, when Macbeth says ‘When mine is whitened with fear.’) * Sleep (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when the first witch says ‘I myself have the various, and the very ports they blow, all the quarters that they know I’th’ shipman’s card. I will deplete him dry as roughage: Sleep will neither night or day) * Night (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, same as Sleep) * Done (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Ross says ‘I’ll see it done’) * Man (for example Scene Act IV Scene III, when Malcolm says ‘Dispute it like a man’) * Time (for example Scene Act 1 Scene III, when Banquo says ‘If you can glance through the seeds of time’) My last assessment on the sensation of Macbeth utilizing language is that Shakespeare is an extraordinary ace of English on account of his various plans to depict numerous things. This is something worth being thankful for in light of the fact that it adds more impact to the play and performs it making more intrigue and profundity it in the manner that each thought includes a specific centrality inside the play. Depiction Through Physical Methods In Macbeth one of the most huge things that Shakespeare utilizes is Imagery. Macbeth is wealthy in symbolism. Symbolism passes on thoughts with such feeling and dramatization and that it is an uncommon aspect concerning Macbeth. There are numerous manners by which Macbeth was performed through symbolism these are some of them: * Portrayal Through Darkness and Light It was utilized on the grounds that it’s an easy to do strategy, which sensationalizes the play. The fundamental ways it was utilized was to characterize acceptable from underhanded. For instance, in a Macbeth play that we watched we saw that when ruler Duncan was demonstrated the lights were brilliant to the point that you could tell that it was how it is to speak to extraordinary great even heavenliness. At the point when the witches appeared on the scene the stage would turn exceptionally dull that the main thing that you could see was their insidious eyes speaking to the outrageous nothing more than trouble, the malice. The difference between the witches and King Duncan shows that light and dimness symbolism can be emotional. One intriguing method of utilizing light symbolism was to continuously diminish the measure of light given to Macbeth himself. This is on the grounds that as we probably am aware Macbeth’s character begins to blur away thus does the light just to help us to remember this and make it progressively sensational and viable. You can comprehend through light and dimness if something awful will occur or something great. In the event that the stage turn all dull and nothing happens you realize something will occur. In the event that the stage turns all brilliant with light you realize that something great will occur. This thought of having distinctive differentiation of light before every scene can disclose to you climate this scene contains the subject of good or shrewdness is really an excellent thought on the grounds that it’s like a prescience going to be satisfied and this makes a sensational impact. Additionally the expressions of light and obscurity are utilized in Macbe th, ‘dark night chokes the voyaging lamp’ or considerably increasingly sensational is ‘Come, thick night’. * Portrayal Through Clothes Shakespeare had numerous plans to do with performing utilizing garments. One of his most well known one is his reference to the position of authority of Scotland dresses him in ‘borrowed robes’. Essentially delineating the topic of trickiness in a quiet yet emotional manner. Shakespeare additionally prefers to blend various subjects or insignificant subjects in to the issue utilizing symbolism. * Acting and Theater, (‘a poor player’) * Eyes, (‘the eye of childhood’) * Hunting and Sport, (‘bear-like I should battle the curse’) * Hands, (‘with these hands ne’er be clean’) This sort of symbolism again adds more profundity to the play making it all the more fascinating and progressively emotional by making the watcher consider what is Shakespeare attempting to speak to with his language and contemplations. Discussing considerations, Shakespeare got a kick out of the chance to include network in Macbeth. * Portrayal Through Feasting And Hospitality He included the picture of network in Macbeth utilizing Hospitality and Feasting. Eating together is an indication of kinship and network. Macbeth’s upset meal speaks to his ethical deception in to malice and dimness, which removed him to another level, much the same as how the dinner transformed from a benevolent level to a humiliation. * Portrayal Through Animals All through Macbeth there are numerous references to creatures. Particularly when Shakespeare try’s to clarify something that is enchanted and frightful. This makes the ideal climate for the shrewd characters to act in to make a sensational encounter for the watcher simply like the cauldron scene. Likewise Shakespeare likes to utilize flying creatures like robins to speak to joy in view of their singing. The owl is utilized likewise to make the possibility of dimness, the owl just turns out in obscurity thus does Macbeth. * Portrayal Through Babies And Children All through Macbeth there are numerous references to powerlessness and guiltlessness. Along these lines was effectively done through infants and youngsters. This is on the grounds that youngsters can't take activities and can't forestall them either this makes them blameless. The most emotional model in Macbeth of this performance procedure was when Macduff’s family were murdered. His child was so youthful and honest that Shakespeare gave us this by his absence of information, the poor kid didn’t even comprehend what a swindler was. * SON:

How to Apologize Sincerely and Effectively

How to Apologize Sincerely and Effectively Stress Management Situational Stress Print How to Apologize More Sincerely By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 02, 2020 Elke Vogelsang/ Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Relationships can be wonderful buffers against stress, but relationship conflicts can cause considerable emotional pain and stress. Knowing how to apologizeâ€"and whenâ€"can repair damage in a relationship, but if you dont know how to apologize sincerely, you can actually make things worse. Effective apologies are simple if you know what to say. Here are some easy steps to help you learn how to apologize sincerely and effectively. Understand Reasons to Apologize When youve made a mistake or hurt another person, there are many good reasons why you should apologize. By apologizing, you are able to: Open up a line of communication with the other personExpress your regret and remorseAcknowledge that you were wrongDiscuss what is allowed and not allowed in your relationshipLearn from your mistakes and find new ways of dealing with difficult situations A sincere apology can also bring relief, particularly if you have guilt over your actions. An apology alone doesnt erase the hurt or make it ok; it does establish that you know your actions or words were wrong and that you will strive harder in the future to prevent it from happening again. Not apologizing when you are wrong can be damaging to your personal and professional relationships. It can also lead to rumination, anger, resentment, and hostility that may only grow over time. Research suggests that some of the major reasons why people dont apologize are that they arent really concerned about the other person, apologizing threatens their own self-image, or they believe that an apology wont do any good anyway.   Why Apologies Are Important Know When to Apologize Knowing when to apologize is as important as knowing how to apologize. Generally speaking, if you suspect that something you did â€"on purpose or by accidentâ€"caused someone else hard feelings, its a good idea to apologize and clear the air. If what you did would have bothered you if it was done to you, an apology is clearly in order. If youre not sure, an apology offers you the chance to own mistakes you made, but re-establish what you think was okay. If you feel the other person is being unreasonable, a discussion may be in order. You can decide where you stand on the apology after that. While a sincere apology can go a long way toward mending a relationship, people are often unwilling or unable to take this step. Admitting you were wrong can be difficult and humbling. Researchers have found that people who believe that personality is changeable are more likely to apologize for harmful actions.?? Because they feel that change is possible, they feel that accepting the blame for their mistakes is an opportunity for learning and growth. Take Responsibility Taking responsibility means acknowledging mistakes you made that hurt the other person, and its one of the most important and neglected ingredients of most apologies, especially those in the media. Saying something vague like, “I’m sorry if you were offended by something I said,” implies that the hurt feelings were a random reaction on the part of the other person. Saying, “When I said [the hurtful thing], I wasn’t thinking. I realize I hurt your feelings, and I’m sorry,” acknowledges that you know what it was you said that hurt the other person, and you take responsibility for it. Dont make assumptions and dont try to shift the blame. Make it clear that you regret your actions and that you are sincerely sorry. Express Regret When seeking to understand how to apologize effectively, it’s also important to understand the value of expressing regret. Taking responsibility is important, but it’s also helpful for the other person to know that you feel bad about hurting them, and wish you hadn’t. That’s it. They already feel bad, and they’d like to know that you feel bad about them feeling bad. What to Say “I wish I had been more thoughtful.” “I wish I’d thought of your feelings as well.” “I wish I could take it back.” These are all expressions of regret that add to the sincerity of your apology and let the other person know you care. Make Amends If there’s anything you can do to amend the situation, do it. It’s important to know how to apologize with sincerity, and part of the sincerity of an apology is a willingness to put some action into it. If you broke something of someone’s, see if you can replace it. If you said something hurtful, say some nice things that can help to generate more positive feelings. If you broke trust, see what you can do to rebuild it. Whatever you can do to make things better, do it. If you’re not sure what would help, ask the other person what you can do to help them to feel better. Reaffirm Boundaries One of the most important parts of an apologyâ€"one of the best reasons to apologizeâ€"is to reaffirm boundaries. Healthy boundaries are important in any relationship.  When you come into conflict with someone, usually there is a boundary that is crossed. If a social rule is violated or trust is broken, an apology helps to affirm what kind of future behavior is preferred. Discussing what type of rules you both will adhere to in the future will rebuild trust, boundaries, and positive feelings, and provides a natural segue out of the conflict, and into a happier future in the relationship. Own up to Your Partâ€"Not Theirs Remember that when you apologize, youre taking responsibility for your part of the conflict. That doesnt mean that youre admitting that the entire conflict was your fault. People are often afraid to apologize first because they think whoever apologizes first is more wrong or the loser of the conflict. Giving an apology even when only a small part of the conflict was your responsibility is okay, and often healthy. It allows you to establish what you regret your own actions but confirms your own boundaries as well. Its important to be fair in your apology, both to the other person and to yourself. Dont accept all the blame if it isnt all your fault. Apologize for the Right Reasons   When you apologize for just what you did, you can more easily move forward and put the conflict behind you, regardless of the other persons actions. When we apologize, were able to more easily maintain the integrity and forgive ourselves. The other person may be moved to apologize for their actions as well. While getting an apology is often nice, it is important to remember that this doesnt always happen. Trying to evoke an apology from the other person is a manipulative tactic that sometimes backfires. Apologize for your own peace of mind and the other person may be inspired to do the same. Just dont apologize just because you expect an apology in return. Let Go of Resultsâ€"to an Extent Although apologizing can be a way to maintain the integrity and move on from actions were not proud of, most of us also want to repair the relationship and be forgiven. Sometimes this doesnt happen. If the apology was sincere and included the necessary ingredients, your chances of forgiveness are greater, but sometimes the other person just isnt ready or able to forgive and move on. Or they may forgive you, but still, be guarded. Or they may not realize their own role in the conflict. Realize that you cant control their response, and if youve done everything you can, let it go for now. A Word From Verywell Apologies are not always easy, but that can be an important part of mending or maintaining important relationships. With empathy, an open heart, and a dose of courage, you can take the steps you need to make a sincere and honest apology. How to Forgive Others

Buddhism and Islam - Free Essay Example

Buddhism and Islam seem on the surface world apart. Muslims believe in one god Allah. While, Buddhism is a religion with no gods. In this paper I will discuss the similarities of the teachings of Muhammad and Buddha but also the differences. I will also discuss similarities and differences in the belief systems, stereotypes and the treatment of women. First I will start with a brief introduction of the Muhammad and Buddha. There are and estimated 480 million Buddhists worldwide.(1) Siddhartha Gautama aka Buddha was the founder of Buddhism. Buddha was born in the 6th century BCE. He was born in what is now known as Nepal. He was heir to the throne of Shakya clan. When he was 29 he decided to leave home in search of a way to end human suffering. Buddha spent much time with a Hindu ascetics but he rejected their path. He did not believe following their path would give him the answer to end human suffering. He sat in a spot by the river to meditate, where he remained until he reached enlightenment and achieved Nirvana. Buddha then began teaching other how to reach enlightenment by understanding the 4 Noble Truths. The 4 Noble Truths is the basis of the Buddhist belief system. There are and estimated 1.6 billion Muslims in the world today.(2) Islam was brought into this world by the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, which is now Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was a business man who was married and had many children. When he was 40 years old, while reflecting in a cave on Mt. Hira, he received the first of many revelations from god. Muhammad received revelations from god for 22 years. These messages were recorded and became what we call the Quran. The Quran is the main religious test of Islam and is considered the best in classic Arabic literature. Beliefs Buddhists believe in no gods but like the Hindu religion, they do believe in Samsara (cycle of life, death and rebirth) and Karma ( law of cause and effect). The Buddhist belief system is centered on the 4 Noble Truths. 1st Truth is that life is characterized by Dukkha (suffering) and suffering is unavoidable. 2nd Truth is dukkha is the result of Tinha (desire) and desire can never bring true peace. 3rd Truth is suffering can be eliminated by abandoning desire. 4th Truth is abandoning desire can be done by following the Eightfold Path. Through the Eightfold Path humans can free themselves from karma. The Eightfold Path is eight necessary aspects of life that must be accomplished. These aspects are right views, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. The aspects are guidelines on how to act, speak, think, treat others even the right way to earn a living. By following the 4 Noble Truth and the Eightfold path you will attai n enlightenment, reach nirvana and free oneself from samsara. Islam is a monotheistic religion. Muslims believe in one true god Allah. They have on central belief and 4 Pillars, together they make the 5 Pillars. The 5 Pillars represent a total way of life rather than a private belief system. Muslims believe in the importance of respect for god, charity and neighbors. 1st Pillar is that there is one god Allah he is all powerful and one sin that god cannot forgive is not believing in him. One must pray daily to prove their devotion. 2nd Pillar is prayer both formal (certain words and certain actions required) and informal (can pour out heart, say anything). 3rd Pillar is Zakat or almsgiving, which all adult Muslims must give 2 percent of all their wealth to the poor. 4th Pillar is the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). This must be done on a specific time of year and only if you can afford it. Muslims believe doing these things bring them closer as a community and closer to god. Treatment of Women Before Buddhas teaching women did not lead happy lives. Women were considered burdens to their families. Buddha believed women were not inferior to men on the contrary women were equally useful to society. Husbands and wifes should do their duties with equal dedication. Wives were expected to manage their husbands affairs when they were away. Women have equal rights to education and religion. Women can become Buddhist nuns and are allowed into the order. Some Buddhist believe that women cannot attain enlightenment and must be reborn as men to reach nirvana. This belief differs depending on which sect one belongs to. Some female Buddhist nuns are given different rules then the monks but this also depends on the sect you belong to. Many nun orders are working towards better conditions and education for women. In Islam man and woman are moral equals and are required to fulfill the same duties. Islam improved the status of women compared to earlier Arab cultures. Islamic law gives the dowry to the woman not her family and guarantee inheritance. It also give women the right to own and manage property and stopped the killing of female babies at birth. Muhammad is said to consult woman ad seriously considered their opinions. Islamic law requires women to cover certain parts of the body it also requires men to cover body parts. Both men and women are required to practice modesty. Women also have the right to and education and to choose who they want to marry. While some Islamic countys oppress women most do not. Women today are active in improving treatment of women. Many Muslim women have been heads of state and active in their countrys politics. Stereotypes Buddhism is a philosophy not a religion. In fact Buddhism is a religion and people have been practicing this way of life even before Christianity. Miriam Webster online defines religion as a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices.(3) This definition thus proves that Buddhism is in fact a religion not a philosophy. Dalai Lama is like the pope. The title of pope has an exact line of succession, when the pope dies a new one is selected. With the Dali Lama he succeeds himself. When he dies he will be reborn as a baby and the cycle begins again. Buddhists are pacifists. Many Buddhists have fought in wars buddhas teachings say that one can fight for a just cause. All Buddhist are vegetarians. Buddha did not require his followers to be vegetarians. In the beginning Buddhist monks and nuns were fed by going around the city and received handouts from the towns people. They had to take what offered including meat. Arab and Muslims are the same people. Arabs speak Arabic and Muslims practice Islam. One can be one the other or both. Islam is very different from Christianity or Judaism. All 3 religions worship the same god in a different name. All are children of Abraham. All Muslims are fanatics. Some Muslims have a strict view on how to live but there is a great diversity among Muslims around the world. You cant be Muslim and be patriotic to the U.S.A. Many Muslims have fought and died defending the U.S. Muslims also currently serve in the armed forces. While Buddhism and Islam are very different the basic principles are the same. One should be kind and live right. One should treat their neighbor with respect and live righteously. Whether, the outcome is nirvana or Jannah (heaven). Islam and Buddhism both have had issues with stereotypes and misinformation. In regards to the treatment of women both the teaching of Muhammad and Buddha say woman should be respected and regarded as equals with men. Some countries and or sects have had issue with equal rights to women and women are fighting back. Both, Muhammad and Buddha wanted to make the world a better place and help people.

Overview on Reasons to Learn Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin is â€Å"too hard† to learn, right? Despite this widely-held belief, millions of people are studying Mandarin Chinese as a second language. But if it’s so hard, why bother to learn Mandarin? Is Mandarin Difficult? There is no doubt that written Chinese is difficult to learn – even for the Chinese! But the spoken language is a different kettle of fish. In many ways, Mandarin Chinese is much easier to learn than European languages. Here are some features which make Mandarin easy: no subject/verb agreementno pluralsno conjugationsno tensessimple numbering system which is applied to dates and time expressionssimple conditional sentencessimple prepositions Why Learn Mandarin? So Mandarin is easy, but why learn it? The number one reason is that Mandarin Chinese is the most widely-spoken language in the world. Learn to speak Mandarin and you can speak with millions of people around the world. More reasons: Business - Business people who speak Mandarin have a huge advantage in tapping into the Chinese market. It is much easier to develop all-important relationships if you can speak Mandarin.Travel - China and Taiwan offer exciting travel opportunities. Getting around is much easier if you can speak Mandarin.Culture - With thousands of years of history, Chinese culture is endlessly fascinating. Whether your interests are in history, architecture, music, or cuisine, a knowledge of Mandarin will enrich your understanding of Chinese culture. Chinese Characters The Chinese writing system is quite a challenge, but this is another reason to learn it! Despite its difficulty, learning to read and write Chinese will give you a lifetime of intellectual stimulation. The real beauty of the language is revealed in the writing. There are thousands of Chinese characters, but they are not randomly constructed. There is a system to their design, and understanding that system makes it much easier to learn new characters. So take the challenge and learn Mandarin Chinese! It is your ticket to a lifetime of reward.

Understand Fiberglass Boat Delamination

In the early days of fiberglass boat construction the durability and strength of the material was underestimated. Builders formed thick hulls with integrated tubular ribs and stringers. Since this was the time before computer aided design tools, builders in the North Western United States built using the old default method of more is better. In 1956, when the first fiberglass boat was built, the material was very new but already found acceptance in aviation and automotive industries. The only way to build at that time used layers of fiberglass impregnated with acrylic resin that hardened when cured. Large molds allowed entire hulls to be made as one piece with no seams. Some wooden structure was added inside the hull for rigidity and it was bonded in with more fiberglass material. No precautions were taken to compress the curing hull or eliminate air bubbles in the structure as is done today. We know this method as solid core construction. Fiberglass materials remained expensive, and as demand for these new boats increased, manufactures began cutting costs to compete in the marketplace. Soon a layer of wood was added to lighten and strengthen the hulls and decks. The fiberglass and wood sandwich was a great combination until one of the outer surfaces of the fiberglass was breached. This is called wood core construction. It didn’t take a crash on the rocks to let water into the wood layer. Small cracks allowed the wood to become soaked and it swelled, and then rotted. Soon the inner and outer fiberglass layers couldn’t do their job and broke down from repeated flexing. This was the first type of fiberglass delamination and the failures damaged the boat building industry badly since many manufacturers had transitioned to all fiberglass construction, leaving more traditional materials behind. Fiberglass construction was quickly becoming known as poor quality because of delamination issues. Two Types of Delamination   The first type of delamination, where a wood core either separates or disintegrates, is very difficult to repair. One of the fiberglass surfaces needs to be removed to access the core. It’s usually the inner skin that’s removed because it’s less visible so finish quality is not as important.   The process is expensive and requires skilled labor; many boats were scrapped because of the cost of repair. Even with today’s modern materials and processes this kind of repair is difficult. Another type of delamination is similar but without the wooden layer. In these cases tiny flaws in the fiberglass itself allow air to be trapped. If the hull is cared for badly, water can enter through microscopic channels and enter these voids filled with air. Expansion and contraction of these tiny bits of water will make the voids grow horizontally along the layers of fiberglass cloth and resin binder. Temperature fluctuation causes the expansion and contraction of the water and if freezing and thawing are encountered the voids will grow quickly. Small bumps soon become visible in the smooth finish. These bumps are called blisters and it’s a serious condition. Blister Repair The only way to repair this damage is to remove the outer gel coat and underlying fiberglass material to access the damage. It is then filled with new resin and the gel coat is patched. It sounds easy, but unless you have considerable experience working with composites it’s easy to make the situation worse. If the boat is going to get a new coat of paint the problem of color matching isn’t an issue. Blending a patch into existing paint is an art form and lighter colors are much easier to match than bright or dark paints. Mechanical bonding is the larger issue since the new patch is only connected to the hull through adhesive properties. The same vibrations that formed tiny cracks will cause the boundary of the patch to loosen. Some blister repair involves drilling a few very small holes and injecting an epoxy compound. The blister is then compressed while the epoxy cures. This allows the patch to become a more integrated part of the hull. Causes of Blisters Marine growth can penetrate the gel coat and allow water into the structural area. Keeping a clean bottom and using an anti-fouling paint is the most important step. Abuse is another way tiny cracks form and allow the entry of water. Some boats are exposed to these conditions as a normal course of wear. Other boats are needlessly used in a careless way and this causes hull problems. Never allow someone to load heavy objects on the cabin top or jump onto the deck from the dock. Not only is it dangerous, but it can lead to delamination in these areas which will grow with further vibration from normal use. Poor storage practices like leaving water in the bilge can lead to severe delamination. Even in tropical climates the expansion and contraction of water trapped between layers of fiberglass can raise blisters. In climates which freeze and thaw often it’s possible a small blister can turn into a â€Å"pop† where the outer surface is torn away by the pressure of internal ice. Pops can be fixed with the same processes as a blister but the extent of the damage is unknown and the hull is permanently compromised. Sonic survey can reveal some of the damage but prevention is far easier.

Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare - 987 Words

Shakespeare’s Macbeth was first written and performed over four hundred years ago in the early seventeenth century. It has survived the tests of time and is now repeatedly being reproduced for cinematic viewing, from one of the most recent productions created in 2010 by director Rupert Goold, to an older more rustic film directed by Roman Polanski in 1971. However, lacking either detailed instructions or Shakespeare himself, each of these directors interpreted Shakespeare’s original work in different ways for their film, resulting in two very different portrayals of the same tragedy. One of the many ways the two productions differed was in their portrayals of the witches, who set the spark which ignited Macbeth’s flaming tyranny. Rupert Goold’s Macbeth showed the witches as powerful and conniving figures who were often on screen and had a direct part in how the events of the tragedy transpired, whereas Roman Polanski’s Macbeth incorporated the witc hes as frail yet confident characters who appeared much more seldom, creating a sense of mystery for the viewer as to what exactly their roles in the progression of the plot were. At the time of the 1971 Macbeth, Roman Polanski did not have the technology available to create omnipotent witches with supernatural abilities on screen, but then again neither did Shakespeare. Therefore whether by choice or by restriction Roman Polanski’s witches followed the original playwrights’ very closely in that they were seldom involved, and theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1363 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is without a doubt one of the most captivating plays, in my opinion written by William Shakespeare. 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In the play Macbeth written by William ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 884 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Summary - Act 5 Scenes 1 - 9 Written by Josh, Corey, Sinead, Phoebe and Mason Phoebe Scene 1: So the first scene begins with a physician overseeing Lady Macbeth sleepwalking and muttering to herself while rubbing her hands, trying to remove the imaginary blood. ‘Here’s the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ (Act 5 Scene 1 Lines 11-12) This line is important as it represents Lady Macbeth at war with herself and shows she will never moveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1652 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth is one of William Shakespeare s most famous tragedies, it is believed to have been written and first performed in 1606. Sources indicate that the play was written to appease King James I, who had ascended to the throne after Queen Elizabeth I. The play tells a tale of a brave Scottish Thane named Macbeth, whose thirst for power brought him to murder Duncan, the King of Scotland, only to become a tyrant, and have his actions lead to his eventual demise as the tragic hero. Throughout the playRead More William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1289 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Macbeth Literary Essay In this 16th century, classic play about a man hungry for power by William Shakespeare there are many intense instances of symbolism used to demonstrate and prove Macbeth’s feelings and behaviour throughout the book. Good symbolism makes you feel what the character feels when reading a story. In the story, â€Å"Macbeth†, Macbeth is shown to be a sly and deceiving person who betrayed his kingdom for his own gain. Three important symbols used to show Macbeth s greed andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1909 Words   |  8 PagesKing James’ court, none more so than William Shakespeare, who was writing some of his best plays in that time. 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Macbeth understands theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Draft1040 Words   |  5 PagesStuart Wodzro Honours English 9, Block 2 Shakespeare Essay February 26, 2016 MacBeth Draft No. 3 The strive for power is a human impulse, perhaps even a primitive compulsion. And, in the case of human beings at least, the impulse is not restricted solely to the necessities of life. Beings are devoted to gaining raw power itself and, through it, they loses themselves. As one may know, the lust for power is a mode of selfishness, where at one attempts to gratify every passion, but alas pleonexiaRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Essay Since the beginning of time people looked up to the stars asking Gods their fate. Fate is a belief, that there is a set path for an event that is both unavoidable and inevitable, that there is a fixed natural order to the cosmos. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, viewers can observe fate or (prophecy) playing a major role. William Shakespeare was born April 1564 and died May 1616, during his life Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, and 157 sonnets, Shakespeare is also knownRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesEnglish IV DE/AP 24 January 2016 Macbeth Research Paper Although William Shakespeare is not historically accurate with his play Macbeth, there are many possible reasons as to why his historical interpretation differs from reality. He may have wished to flatter the king and, when taken into historical context, may have wished to warn others of the fate handed to those who would oppose the king. 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Notes On Principles Of Marketing - 1785 Words

Minority Research Jc Snediker Melissa Hanstein MKTG 310 – Principles of Marketing 11/23/2014 Minority Research Introduction There are several minority groups currently residing in the United States. These minority groups belong to different ethnicities. Some of the major minority groups of United States include the African, Asian and Hispanic Americas. The minority groups of United States form a major portion of the total population of United States and in certain states they have gained majority over the majority of the population of the region. This research assignment will focus on these minority groups and their characteristics in relation to their incomes, education, consumption patterns, media usage and the areas in which they live.†¦show more content†¦% with college degrees 20% of the population of this minority group had a college degree during 2010 (Nielsen 6). Average or median income levels Average income earned by households owned by African Americans was $47,300 to $67,000 (Nielsen 9). Geographic location(s) – metro, states, etc. Major percentage (55%) of the African Americans resided in the Southern region of United States and the highest percentage of population (50%) was residing in the District of Columbia while 60% of the population of this minority race was concentrated in 10 states with the leading number of people (3.2 million) living in the state of New York (Rastogi 9). Brands that have higher than average purchase for each group This population is quite loyal towards brands that can be categorized as quick service restaurants and in this brand category around 65% of them prefer McDonald’s (Nielsen 14). This population spends more than 18% of their income on private labeled brands, while they even spend money on six unique brands including disposable diapers, frozen food, milk and others (Nielsen 13). Identify specific products which have above average usage for each group Product categories that blacks spend most of their income include frozen food products, vegetables that are dry in nature and juices that are refrigerated (Nielsen 12). In the product category of non-edibles they spend more money on ethnic hair and beauty aids as well as feminine

500 Word Illustration Essay Free Essays

A sense of humor can make a hard time easier to bear. It does not matter what type, from sarcasm to the everyday â€Å"knock-knock† joke, humor has always been a way that I have expressed emotion. Bad days are always going to be around, there is no way to change that, but Humor is always a way to make the saddest of people crack a smile. We will write a custom essay sample on 500 Word Illustration Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Laughter is a powerful path into peoples mind, and can relieve pain by forgetting and living in the moment. Pain can be caused by basically anything, death, bad grades, work, or family, but at the end of the day I am always smiling. Laughter is the best medicine has been able to cure people with mental and physical injuries. For me when I am hurt, I do not cry but laugh , maybe from shock of a physical injury, but I always feel better when laughing. When attending an event where something tragic has occurred or at a funeral, I hear laughter. I believe laughing is a way to remember and express feelings. The most unbearable thing I have ever done was say good bye to my team mate, Andy. Having died at the age of thirteen, it was a horrible experience to go through. My defense was humor, and being my sarcastic self relieved the pain and was the only option for me. I remember sitting at the wake feeling extremely uncomfortable, but just laughing with a friend on mine because if we weren’t laughing the pain and shock would tear at us. Math class was unbearable for me. Trying to find the the length of the arc of a circle, at ten in the morning was never fun. Usually my daily nap occurred during that forty minute period, but the constant jokes and comments kept me awake. I began to actually like the class, only because the inside jokes the class had without my teachers knowledged. Obviously Pain is unavoidable, and even though I am young, I have lived through my fair share of pain. I have seen death, and sorrow, but I always moved on with life. Pain never leaves but can be covered by happiness, which laughter creates, and which is very contagious. Living or even being around happy people always makes me smile. A joke is told and laughter explodes. Laughter makes me feel better, because it can make me feel alive, living in that moment and helping me forget the troubles. Laughter can truly cure anything. It helps me forget the pain and live my life. Making a bad situation into a bearable time is always good, Laughter is the key to move on, to smile and to be happy. If there was no humor, how would people react? How to cite 500 Word Illustration Essay, Essays

Comparison Between the Aeneid and the Iliad free essay sample

How are the passages similar? How are they different? What does this similarity/ difference tell us about a larger similarities/differences in the works of a whole? Example from teacher: Aeneid line 404-424 (Dido is broken hearted) Odyssey: 212-225 (Calypso- Can I be less desirable? ) similarity: both have broken-hearts- the protagonist is leaving them difference: Aneid- Rome calls, going to Italy to build a new home/ Dido refuses to accept his leaving/ Dido is simply a queen and mortal Odyssey: home calls, Ithika (past already his home) Calypso accepts that he must go/ she is a goddess demise The Iliad| The Aenied | Passage: The Aeneids last six book (the outbreak of war) resembles the Iliad. | Partoclus killed by Hector and the wrath of Achilles is ignited by the news of the death of his friend. | Pallas killed by Turnus and the wrath of Aneus is ignited when he also receives the news of her dead friend. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the Aeneid and the Iliad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | Similarities/Differences| Similarities: * Both Achilles and Aneas share the same reaction towards the death of their fellow soldiers. Iliad pg 430 ll. 25-38Aenied pg 325 * Both Virgil and Homer display the same theme of revenge. Achilles avenges Hector for killing Patroclus and Aneus kills Pallas in order to serve vengeance for Turnus death. * Both soldiers are absent from battle and the news is brought to them. Differences: * Both men have different drives Achilles is driven by his pride and self-glory while Aneus serves the will of the Gods. * Reason behind the mens absence from the battle field: Achilles: self-loathing and stubbornness for the loss of his war prize therefore refusing to take part in battle. Aneus: carrying out his fate given to him by the Gods; in search of more men for his new army. *different characters| Works as a Whole| Homer The Iliad emphasizes the idea of hamartia and its capability of destruction with a strong presence of war. Virgil The Aenied focuses on glorifying the Roman Gods. Both In both works, the actions of the protagonists and antagonists are influenced by Divine Intervention,

The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essay Example

The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essay How does Miller convey the characters of Abigail and Elizabeth and shape our responses to them? Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams are both characters central to Millers play. However, they are crafted to be total contrasts to each other both in character and in what Miller wants to show through them. what does he want to show? add a sentence here to connect to the rest Miller presents Elizabeth as the very religious and consequently very honest wife of John Proctor. QUOTE? Many people including her husband have an unwavering belief in her honesty. When John is in court he says That woman will never lie, Mr Danforth. She is conveyed in the play as having a strong loyalty to her husband whom she obviously loves a great deal. A proof of her love for John is seen when she is suffering a moral dilemma in court. John is more important to her than religion and therefore she tells a lie for him. Elizabeth also allows him to make his own choice of whether to confess, even though she wants him to live as she realises he could not live with himself if he confessed. We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She sticks to her principles throughout the play. For example she never admits to believing in witches, even when she herself is arrested. She says, If you think I am one then there are none. Through Elizabeth, Miller is trying to convey the importance of personal integrity. Elizabeth creates a great sense of morality for the audience and it is only when her character begins to degenerate in the middle of the play that she starts to lose some of her steadfastness. It is, however people like Elizabeth and Proctor in the end who use their integrity to eventually bring the situation under control. QUOTE SOMEWHERE IN THIS Miller shows Abigail on the other hand as having no regard for religion. The Puritan religion would have forbidden many of the things she does like dancing and shouting. QUOTE Her role in the play is as a servant girl, the niece of Parris, who has had an affair with John Proctor her former employee. She is conveyed as deceitful and manipulative. Millers first description of her character in the stage directions is as having an endless capacity for dissembling. Arthur Miller is warning us that nothing she does or says can be trusted. Abigails character does not really change through the play and she remains rather static. Millers main purpose in creating her was to start the drama and keep it moving. She starts the plot by introducing the idea of witchcraft to the townspeople and keeps it moving by constantly accusing more women and using her manipulative powers once again to play upon the fears of the townspeople. QUOTE In starting the drama she is not really the actual cause of the disaster, but simply, the spark to set off the bomb that had been waiting to go off in Salem. In such a small, strict community even trivial matters are stretched out of proportion to create a diversion from the monotony of daily life. Abigail played upon this property in beginning the drama. She also used the natural superstitions of the people of that time in Salem whose typical reaction to anything out of place was to blame it on witchcraft or demons. The presentation of the position of Abigail and Elizabeth in Salem is very different. The form of society of Salem was a theocracy which meant that the town was ruled by religion. Since Elizabeth is a religious woman and at the beginning of the play she is married to one of the most important men in the village, she herself is a respected and honourable member of the town. To completely contrast with Abigail, Arthur Miller has created the character of Abigail to have no apparent regard for religion. As a servant girl she is neither respected nor given much attention. Therefore Abigail has virtually no status at all. NO POWER- THEMES She is obviously not approved of or trusted by the other villagers either as she has remained without a job after her dismissal from the Proctor household. Her Uncle, Parris, raised this point. And yet it has troubled me called for your service. The villages also link her name with evil in gossip that her Uncle also questions her about. Your name in the town- is it entirely white? This gives Abigail motive for her behaviour as she wishes to become more important, gain respect and have people care for her. Her more sinister motive is revenge as she wishes to take Elizabeths place, as she believes that John belongs to her. Her hate of Elizabeth is established very early on in the play with Bettys allegation You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor. At the beginning of the play, however, we are not convinced that she will succeed. Later on, though there are moments where the audience feels that it is inevitable that Abigail will achieve her goal. Overall the two women are, as in most aspects, at the extremes of the scale. At the beginning of the play Elizabeth is one of the most significant women and Abigail one of the least significant. While Elizabeths position falls drastically in the middle of the play, Abigail gains esteem. At the very end of the play Elizabeth regains some of her lost respect and the revelation of Abigails true character banishes her lower than her former position in society. The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essay Example The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Paper Through Abigail and Elizabeth Miller is showing the theme of good versus evil and light versus darkness in which they are also extremes on the scale. Elizabeth is representing the good and the light by standing up for herself and her friends. She also strives for the truth to be told although the revelations will affect her name and Johns. quote Abigail is representing the evil and the darkness by telling lies and abandoning her friends. Quote mw Throughout the play Abigails actions have been engineered to produce maximum effect and to shock the audience. Her strength of personality and stamina are used to control peoples feelings and behaviour both on the stage and in the audience. Much of her language is exclamatory, RELATE THIS TO THE SOCIETY SHE LIVES IN which adds to the tension and violence in the consequences of many of her actions. The exclamatory language used by Abigail has a greater impact because of the strict Puritan society she lives in. Nevertheless her actions are not always that of hate. There is one section in the play when she shows some affection and compassion. This is when she is talking to John near the very beginning of the play. We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Here she is desperate to have John back and becomes very emotional when he will not take her back. And you must. You are no wintry man. I know you John. I know you . I cannot sleep for dreamin; I cannot dream but I wake up and walk about the house as though Id find you comin through some door. This is the one place where the audience is allowed by Miller to feel sympathy towards Abigail as he has made us think that she really is showing genuine emotion to him and she is truly upset. This section of the play though does not affect our overall judgement of Abigail but provides a reason for her motive of revenge for later on in the play. Abigails manipulative skills are first seen in use when she is talking to her uncle Parris at the beginning of the play. She manages to answer the questions without actually telling lies but leaving out part of the truth. quote Arthur Miller has also created her as an excellent actress so that her actions always seem credible. She manages to convince the court that Elizabeth Proctors spirit pushed a needle in to her. stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. And demandin of her how she come to be so stabbed, she testify it were your wifes familiar spirit pushed it in. This along with her leadership qualities provides the secret to her success in the play in commanding and ordering. An excellent example of this is when Abigail pretends to see Mary Warren in the form of a bird sitting on the rafters. All the girls spontaneously burst into screaming and shouting at her command and follow her cue. (ABIGAIL with a weird, wild, chilling cry, screams up to the ceiling) You will not! Begone! Begone, I say! Another example of Miller indicating her control over people is when she dares to threaten Danforth. (In an open threat) Let you beware, Mr Danforth. Think you to be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits? Beware of it! There is- . USE OF SUPERSTITION AND HYSTERIA THEME For the people in the audience watching the play the scenery and atmosphere on stage would be that of Salem in 1692 in a Puritan society. The characters in the play would therefore react in slightly different ways than we would expect. The effect of Abigails actions would be different set in present day than in 1692. The NATURE/ESSENCE of the religion being Puritan meant that what the audience would see as small actions which were forbidden at that time would shock the characters in the play. Even if Abigail and the girls had only been dancing in the wood and trying to do witchcraft it would have been frowned upon. Elizabeths actions in the play are usually planned carefully with thought. They aim not to produce pain and suffering but to improve the situation, as she is sensitive and aware of the feelings of others. quote Although she reprimands people for wrong doing it is not with the violence or cruelty of Abigail. In her first entrance Miller demonstrates how Elizabeth tries to make the best of a bad situation. She quietly encourages John to tell the court of Abigails actions. God forbid you keep that from the court, John. I think they must be told. Elizabeth has a tendency to blame things on herself. She believes that Johns affair with Abigail was due to her own coldness. It needs a cold wife to promote lechery. However Miller seems to present the cause of her coldness as being attributed to Johns lack of openness. Like many characters she suffers a degeneration throughout the play and this is the low point in Elizabeths character as her behaviour shows reserve and an edge of restraint. She does manage to partly return to her original status and takes on a more central role towards the end. quote expansion Whatever Elizabeth is doing or saying her language is always refined and civil and she rarely shouts. She obviously has little self-confidence, especially at the beginning of the play, since she lacks aplomb to even to tell Mary Warren not to go into town. As Elizabeth says herself, She frightened all my strength away. It is at the end of the play when Elizabeth regains her compassion and clear-sighted opinions. Here she is able to eventually forgive John and allow him to take his decision. Elizabeth also takes on a more central role towards the end of the play Miller displays Abigail and Elizabeth as being very competitive towards John. In every act there is an emotionally charged scene between one of the and John. Should I keep this? In conclusion Miller has created Elizabeth to be a good, kind person and has challenged her, testing the extent of her morality. As an audience we are made to feel sympathetic towards by Miller her as he presents her as the victim. As Miller presents Abigail as one of the causes or certainly an acceleration of the hysteria, the audience is persuaded to feel no concern about her by Miller.

Writing a High School Student Essay

Writing a High School Student EssaySample student essays are a good way to start when you are writing a high school student essay. These samples are easy to find and they do not take too much time to write. However, there are some things that you need to consider before writing your own essay.Before starting on a school essay, you will need to make sure that you know the information that you will be using. Do not go into too much detail. You will need to know exactly what you are writing about in order to have an organized writing. If you are unsure of what you are writing about, do not worry. There are plenty of high school students who can tell you all about it.Grammar is another very important part of any writing assignment. Your grammar and punctuation will determine how well your writing will be received by the people who will read it. There are plenty of things to remember when it comes to spelling and grammar.Writing samples that are used in different topics in high school are very popular. If you want to get a different sample for writing a college essay, look on the Internet. There are many sites that will provide you with sample essays that are used in different topics in high school.The most common type of essay that is used is a science essay. This kind of essay is used in many high schools because it gives the students some of the required knowledge that they need to get through their classes. Science questions in high school are extremely important, and they help the students learn what they are going to learn in their classes.If you belong to a special interest group, such as a women's studies club, then you may want to write about the members of your group. This will allow you to relate your experiences to other women in the group. However, if you are writing a science essay, you do not need to include this in your writing.Keep these tips in mind when you are writing a high school student essay. By using samples, you will be able to start writin g your own essay at a faster pace.

Timbuktu, Mali and Today

Timbuktu, Mali and Today The word Timbuktu (or Timbuctoo or Tombouctou) is used in several languages to represent a far-away place, but Timbuktu is an actual city in the African country of Mali. Where Is Timbuktu? Located near the edge of the Niger River, Timbuktu is situated near the middle of Mali in Africa.  Timbuktu had a 2014 population of approximately 15,000 (the recent drop more in half due to its 2012–2013 occupation by Al Qaeda). The 2014 estimate is the latest data available. The Legend of Timbuktu Timbuktu was founded by nomads in the 12th century, and it rapidly became a major trading depot for the caravans of the Sahara Desert. During the 14th century, the legend of Timbuktu as a rich cultural center spread through the world. The beginning of the legend can be traced to 1324, when the Emperor of Mali made his pilgrimage to Mecca via Cairo. In Cairo, the merchants and traders were impressed by the amount of gold carried by the emperor, who claimed that the gold was from Timbuktu. Furthermore, in 1354 the great Muslim explorer Ibn Battuta wrote of his visit to Timbuktu and told of the wealth and gold of the region. Thus, Timbuktu became renown as an African El Dorado, a city made of gold. During the 15th century, Timbuktu grew in importance, but its homes were never made of gold. Timbuktu produced few of its own goods but served as the major trading center for salt across the desert region. The city also became a center of Islamic study and the home of a university and extensive library. The citys maximum population during the 1400s probably numbered somewhere between 50,000 to 100,000, with approximately one-quarter of the population composed of scholars and students. The Legend Grows A 1526 visit to Timbuktu by a Muslim from Grenada, Spain, Leo Africanus, told of Timbuktu as a typical trading outpost. Still, the mythical legend of its wealth persisted. In 1618, a London company was formed to establish trade with Timbuktu. Unfortunately, the first trading expedition ended up with the massacre of all its members, and a second expedition sailed up the Gambia River and thus never reached Timbuktu. In the 1700s and early 1800s, many explorers attempted to reach Timbuktu, but none returned. Many unsuccessful and successful explorers were forced to drink camel urine, their own urine, or even blood to attempt to survive the Sahara Desert. Known wells would be dry or would not provide enough water upon an expeditions arrival. Mungo Park, a Scottish doctor, attempted a trip to Timbuktu in 1805. Unfortunately, his expedition team of dozens of Europeans and natives all died or abandoned the expedition, and Park was left to sail along the Niger River, never visiting Timbuktu but merely shooting at people and other objects on the shore with his guns as his insanity increased. His body was never found. In 1824, the Geographical Society of Paris offered a reward of 7,000 francs and a gold medal valued at 2,000 francs to the first European who could visit Timbuktu and return to tell the story of the mythical city. European Arrival in Timbuktu The first European acknowledged to have reached Timbuktu was Scottish explorer Gordon Laing. He left Tripoli in 1825 and traveled for 13 months to reach Timbuktu. On the way, he was attacked by the ruling Tuareg nomads, was shot and cut by swords, and broke his arm. He recovered from the vicious attack and made his way to Timbuktu, arriving in August 1826. Laing was unimpressed with Timbuktu, which had, as Leo Africanus reported, become simply a salt trading outpost filled with mud-walled homes in the middle of a barren desert. Laing remained in Timbuktu for just over one month. Two days after leaving Timbuktu, he was murdered. French explorer Rene-Auguste Caillie had better luck than Laing. He planned to make his trip to Timbuktu disguised as an Arab as part of a caravan, much to the chagrin of proper European explorers of the era. Caillie studied Arabic and the Islamic religion for several years. In April 1827, he left the coast of West Africa and reached Timbuktu a year later, even though he was ill for five months during the trip. Caillie was unimpressed with Timbuktu and remained there for two weeks. He then returned to Morocco and then went home to France. Caillie published three volumes about his travels and was awarded the prize from the Geographical Society of Paris. German geographer Heinrich Barth left Tripoli with two other explorers in 1850 for a trek to Timbuktu, but his companions both died. Barth reached Timbuktu in 1853 and did not return home until 1855. During the interim, he was feared dead by many. Barth gained fame through the publication of five volumes of his experiences. As with previous explorers to Timbuktu, Barth found the city quite the anticlimax. French Colonial Control In the late 1800s, France took over the Mali region and decided to take Timbuktu away from the control of the violent Tuareg. The French military was sent to occupy Timbuktu in 1894. Under the command of Major  Joseph Joffre (later a famous World War I general), Timbuktu was occupied and became the site of a French fort. Communication between Timbuktu and France was difficult, making the city an unhappy place for a soldier to be stationed. Nonetheless, the area around Timbuktu was well protected, so other nomad groups were able to live without fear of the hostile Tuareg. Modern Timbuktu Even after the invention of air travel, the Sahara was unyielding. The plane making an inaugural air flight from Algiers to Timbuktu in 1920 was lost. Eventually, a successful airstrip was established; however, today, Timbuktu is still most commonly reached by camel, motor vehicle, or boat. In 1960, Timbuktu became part of the independent country of Mali. The population of Timbuktu in a 1940 census was estimated at approximately 5,000 people; in 1976, the population was 19,000; in 1987, 32,000 people resided in the city. In 2009, Mali statistical office census estimates put the population at more than 54,000. In 1988, Timbuktu was designated a United Nations World Heritage Site, and efforts were underway to preserve and protect the city and especially its centuries-old mosques. In 2012, due to regional fighting, the city was placed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger, where it still remains in 2018.

How to Clear Your Mind - Unclog Your Brain - Relax

How to Clear Your Mind - Unclog Your Brain - Relax Sometimes we can get so caught up in the stress and worry of our personal lives that our minds become too jumbled to operate effectively. This is especially dangerous in a test-taking situation. After hours of reading and studying, our brains can lock up in a state of overload. In a stressful situation, it’s often necessary to clear your mind completely to allow your brain to refresh itself and recalibrate all of  its functions. But when you’re tense, clearing your mind isn’t so easy! Try this relaxation technique if you think your brain has seized up from information overload. 1. Set aside at least five minutes for quiet â€Å"clearing† time If youre at school, see if you can put your head down somewhere or find an empty room or quiet space.  If necessary, set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time. 2. Think of a time or place that puts you into a complete state of peace This place will be different for different people. Have you ever sat on the beach watching the waves come in and realized you’ve â€Å"zoned out† for awhile? This is the sort of experience you’re looking for. Other experiences that make us zone out could be: Sitting in the dark and staring at Christmas tree lights- remember how quiet and peaceful that feels?Lying in bed late at night listening to good musicLying on your back on a cool day watching clouds roll by 3. Cover your eyes and go to your â€Å"place† ​ If you are at school preparing for a test before class, you may simply rest your elbows on the desk and put your hands over your eyes. For some people, it may not be a good idea to put your head down. (You might fall asleep!) Use all your senses to make your experience as real as possible. If you are thinking of a Christmas tree, imagine the smell of the tree and the look of the layered shadows on the walls. Don’t let any thoughts creep into your head. As soon as you start to think about a test problem, clear away the thought and concentrate on your peaceful place. 4. Snap out of it! Remember, this is not nap time. The point here is to rejuvenate your brain. After five or ten minutes of clearing time, take a brisk walk or take a drink of water to re-energize your mind and body. Stay relaxed and resist the urge to think about the things that are stressing you out or clogging your brain. Don’t let your brain go back to freeze-out. Now go forward with your test or study session refreshed and ready!

Quality Management Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality Management Organizations - Essay Example ASQ (American Society for Quality) is a national firm which is in existence for more than twenty years. It has been offering its services across the globe for supporting the organizations in developing and implementing quality assurance and quality improvement projects. The company provides the community of quality with relevant training, knowledge about latest tools and specialized certifications so that the companies can get benefit (ASQ, 2014). Likewise, SCDDSN (South Carolina’s Department of Disabilities and Special Needs) is a division of South Carolina government which is striving to enhance the standard of living of people who require special attentions. In order to provide excellent service, the quality management department is utilizing a multi-dimensional approach for assuring that the superior quality services are provided. Also, the principles of TQM and Continuous quality improvement are employed so that the medical facilities are designed appropriately (SCDDSN, 2014). The primary purpose of all of these quality management organizations is to assist other firms in developing the best policies and procedures for performing their business operations with high quality. When the value of offering is extraordinary and meet the requirements of the customers, there is significant possibility that the people are offered the most compatible options for living a quality life. Moreover, such enterprises make sure that the organizations are encouraged to enhance their knowledge base about the latest developments so that they can move ahead with continuous quality improvement policy. Even the firms have to make sure that they provide sufficient sources to their staff members for focusing on the level of quality service provided to the customers. Hence, the experts provide guidance to the organizations about developing quality relatled projects so that they are implemented and evaluated properly. When the business firms become associated with these

Children's Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Children's Welfare - Essay Example On my part, I strongly believe that corporal punishment should only be given as a last resort. As long as there are other ways to correct the behavioral problems of a child, parents and guardians should not implement corporal punishment. We must understand that corporal punishment can lead to abuse and abuses suffered by young children often leave lasting imprints in their personalities. Is corporal punishment a form of child abuse? Technically, child abuse is different from corporal punishment and we should be very careful about equating the two together. All I am saying here is that corporal punishment has the potential of escalating into abuse. Note the abuse is a blatant disregard of the rights and feelings of the child which often involves injuries on the part of the child. Example of abuses on children is kicking, punching, burning and the likes. On the other hand, corporal punishment is geared towards letting the child experience pain without sustaining injury for purposes of controlling or correcting the wrong behaviors of the child (Larzelere, R. E., Klein, M., Schumm, W. R., & Alibrando, S. A., Jr. (1989). A popular example of corporal punishment is the traditional spanking. One of the leading arguments against the implementation of corporal punishment at home is that the act embodies a kind of aggression. When a parent becomes so angry that he or she exhibits aggressive behavior such as spanking, the child may misconstrue the action of the parent or guardian as a kind of norm. Note that young children learn by imitating their parents so there is a big possibility that when the child is repeatedly exposed to aggressive behaviors, he or she will also adopt such attitude (Parke & Slaby, 1983). What is really scary here is that the child may see aggression as a way to subdue or control the behavior of another person. For instance, when a parent spanks a child for not following orders and then do not explain the child later on why he or she

Political Dynasty: Advantages and Disadvantages

Political Dynasty: Advantages and Disadvantages Filipinos have always been proud of how much value is put into the concept of family. In the Filipino community, it can be seen how close families can be when they go as far as supporting even extended members of the family, despite the hardships and nuisances it may bring. It is not uncommon to see cousins, aunts, and grandparents all living together under one roof in the typical Filipino household. Being clannish  [1]  and family oriented people, Filipinos tend to give in to relatives and friends. Although it could very well serve as a positive trait that Filipinos have, it can also pose as a problem that no matter how principled one may be, it is so easy for one to bend the rules in favor of their beloved kapamilya  [2]  . The same clannish trait of the Filipinos is one that is not forgotten in the arena of Philippine politics. Since time immemorial, political dynasties have been in the Philippine political arena and still are very much around today. Sons and daughters, nephews and nieces, and even wives of political figures have been seen to enter politics not for merit or expertise, but simply because of affinity by blood to those who hold the political power. Power, in terms of how it is transferred from one family member to another, is handed from a seniority to his or her successor by means of a padrino  [3]  system where the successor is endorsed by an outgoing member of the family so that the successor would rake in the same support that the outgoing member had received from his supporters when he or she was in a position of power. Here it is not seen that it is not merely a show of power but that there is an organized transfer of this same power that runs within these political dynasties that keep them surviving up until today. The most famous or infamous of which, include the Marcoses  [4]  , with Ferdinand, Imelda, Imee and Bongbong, and the Estradas or Ejercitos  [5]  , with Erap, Loi, Jinggoy and JV (Joseph Victor) (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). In the municipal and provincial government, positions of power are usually dominated by a particular clan. Family members simply take turns in alternating between various posts for as long as the term allows. In the May 14, 2007 elections, as much as 53 candidates belonging to a background of political dynasties ran for office. Among which included families like the Aquinos, Biazons, De Venecias, Ortegas, Rectos, Roxases, Remullas and many others (Somosierra, 2007). Also in the recent May 10, 2010 elections, the same candidates from powerful political families landed key positions in government. Senator Benigno Simeon Noynoy Aquino topped the presidential race while Makati City Mayor Jejomar Binay surprisingly bagged the position of vice president. In the senatorial race, the likes of Senators Ramon Bong Revilla Jr. a nd Jinggoy Estrada were re-elected to the same position as they topped the list of winning senatorial candidates. Influence and Power of Political Dynasties The political dynasty undoubtedly plays an influential role in Philippine society. Families of political dynasties are sitting side by side to deliberate on important legislations that will affect the future of more than 80 million Filipinos both young and old for generations to come (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). It has been often contended that political dynasties go against the values upheld by democracy since it does not provide an equal opportunity for people to hold offices of power and service. With the set-up of the political dynasty, it seems as if positions of power are exclusively dominated by a particular clan or family. Arguably, the political dynasty is said to monopolize the system of governance since it limits the chances of other common Filipinos to serve the people. It creates a brain drain in the sense that the new and capable leader who could possibly perform better than those currently in office, would not be given an opportunity when running against someone wi th a name. Former Mayor, and now DILG Secretary Jesse Robredo of Naga City, who has firmly stood against political dynasties, he believes, The right to serve does not belong to one family alone. Ordinary people who deserve to be empowered should be given the opportunity to serve the community,  [6]  (Medel, 2007).It is undeniable that there are candidates who are voted into office simply because of their name and fame. Sons, siblings and even wives of politicians people who have no knowledge whatsoever of how to lead and serve, are voted into office simply because of their connection to previous leaders. Electoral votes are not so much based on the capability of one to serve, but rather on the name carried by one who is running. It is quite obvious that the family name of an elected official or a potential candidate plays a big role in the success of one who falls under the category of being part of a political family. It can be identified that power can be seen not only in exe rcises of excess but also in tangible things such as a candidates family name. This symbolic power could be seen as a perpetuation of the power system that runs through a political dynasty since it plays a big role in a dynastys continued existence and evolution. The validity of the political dynasty has always remained a highly debatable matter. Why do traditional political clans that which do not ground their resources based on their economic stance, still exist in the Philippine political arena despite some rejections by others that it does not provide equal opportunities for other candidates to run for public office? What key elements existing in these political dynasties make them dominant in the political arena up until today? Does the existence of the political dynasty really help the Filipino people, or is it just making the political maturity of the nation stagnant? (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Despite the negative connotation brought about by political dynasties and its detrimental effects throughout Philippine history, political dynasties are not entirely negative and can bring certain positive effects. The solution to stop the negative effects linked to political dynasties is not to ban political dynasties in general, but inst ead, to educate people to vote more responsibly in choosing a leader. In this paper, I intend to find the factors that make political dynasties relevant today in the face of a democratic Philippine society by taking into consideration Michel Foucaults theory on power and Vladimir Lenins theory on organization. In line with what Michel Foucault mentioned in his work, Discipline and Punish, political dynasties in the Philippines are unique in a way that they possess dynamic qualities that keep them surviving up until today. He stressed in his work that power is exercised in ways that it can be excessive to maintain order and discipline in society. The example would be that of Francois Damiens  [7]  , who was publicly tortured and executed for his attempt to assassinate the sovereign. As Foucault recounts the event, one can see the display of the excessive use of power to punish Damiens for his actions, as seen in his recount wherein à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Damiens, who cried out profusely, though without swearing, raised his head and looked at himself; the same executioner dipped an iron spoon, in the pot containing boiling potion, which he poured liberally over each wound  [8]  (Focault, 1977). Here we can see the sovereigns excessive use of power to punish a subject who attempted to challen ge his sovereignty by attempting to take his life. Francois Damiens public torture and execution was made as an example to others that contesting the kings sovereignty would be subject to the same level of punishment or worse. What Michel Foucault was reiterating in his account of Damiens torture is that power is primarily being exercised on the body as a means of strategizing the deployments of power rather than to punish the violator by causing physical pain. The crime committed by Damiens was against the body of the king; therefore, the punishment that was given to the violator was also against his body, through the form of torture. The pain caused to the body was clearly not intended only for the body alone but rather reached out to those who have witnessed or heard about the execution. The gravity of such an event still touches on modernity in a way that whoever reads or hears about such an event could still feel the gravity of the excessive use of power. During the early 18th century, there was a display of excessive torture on the body according to Michel Foucault. In a span of a few decades, the process of torture became a process of organized disciplinary action in the form of a penal justice system. This evolution of torture saw the disappearance of punishment on the body and a loosening of the hold of the sovereign over the body. In the disappearance of punishment, it enters into the abstract consciousness of society rather than of perceptions. Moreover, there is a focus on the effectivity of punishment rather than of spectacles, wherein it focuses only on visibility or intensity of punishment such as that of Foucaults account of Damiens torture. On the loosening of hold of the sovereign on the body, one can see that punishment no longer touched the body but rather as Foucault would state, The body now serves as an instrument or intermediary: if one intervenes upon it to imprison it, or to make it work, it is in order to deprive the individual of a liberty that is regarded both as a right and as property  [9]  (Focault, 1977). In the spectacle of scaffolds, executioners served as the kings hand in punishing offenders. As time passed, doctors, psychiatrists, guidance counselors, judges and jail wardens now took over the executioners role of administering punishment. As Foucault aptly put it, To sum up, ever since the new penal system that defined by the great codes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been in operation, a general process has led judges to judge something other than crimes; they have been led in their sentences to do something other than judge; and the power of judging has been transferred in part, to other authorities than the judges of the offence. The whole penal operation has taken on extra-juridical elements and personnel.  [10]  (Focault, 1977). Negative Sides to Political Dynasties The very excess of the violence employed is one of the elements of glory: the fact that the guilty man should moan and cry out under the blows is not a shameful side effect, it is the very ceremonial of justice being expressed in all its force. Hence no doubt those tortures that take place even after death: corpses burnt, ashes thrown to the winds, bodies dragged on hurdles and exhibited at the roadside. Justice pursues the body beyond all possible pain  [11]  (Focault, 1977) Similar to what Foucault had studied about power relations, this paper, uses the same theory but relates it to the phenomenon of political dynasties in the Philippines. Throughout Philippine history, the political dynasty has taken on a negative connotation. Often linked to problems like graft, corruption, and abuse of power, it has taken on a detrimental role to society. Perhaps the most infamous of all would be the political dynasty of the Marcos family. Alleged to have embezzled between US$5 billion and US$10 billion from the Philippines, Transparency International  [12]  has ranked Ferdinand Marcos at second on a list of the worlds most corrupt political leaders of the past two decades; surpassed only by former Indonesian President Suharto (Ferdinand Marcos: Killer File, 2000). Names like the Estradas/Ejercitos and the Singson families have also linked the image of the political dynasty to allegations of graft and corruption. Luis Chavit Singson, governor of the province of I locos Sur, alleged that he had personally given Estrada the sum of 400 million pesos as payoff from illegal gambling profits such as jueteng, as well as 180 million pesos from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers marketing cooperative. Singsons allegation caused an uproar across the nation, which culminated in Estradas impeachment trial by the House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. A more recent example, would be that of the Ampatuans, whose name has been thrust to the limelight after the event of the Maguindanao Massacre  [13]  where 58 individuals consisting of their family rivals, the Mangudadatus, relatives and some journalists were shot and killed preventing them from filing their patrons certificate of candidacy. Families linked to political dynasties flood the news with allegations of all sorts of crime ranging from corruption, theft, murder and even rape. Regardless of whether these are proven or unproven, it all translates into the tarnished and dirty image that the political dynasty holds in todays society. This is exactly what Michel Foucault talks about in the spectacle of the scaffold wherein there is a display of an excessive use of power through torture. As Foucault mentions, there are three criterions where punishment must follow in order to fall under the category of torture. The first being, that it must manifest pain on a certain degree, that could be seen in the example of Francois Damiens torture. The second being that such pain is regulated in a way that suffering is maximized rather than imposing death immediately because this suffering would insure a more effective notice of change on the offenders part. Last but not least, perhaps the most important would be that torture ma rks the individual and that it should serve as a spectacle. Torture marking the individual means that there is a reclaiming of the sovereign by the ruler and that the making of the execution as a spectacle would serve as a public display of the rulers sovereignty. Such a public execution seeks to reach out to the whole of the society by letting the thought of punishment run through their consciousness making them aware of the total power of the sovereign, them serving as his subjects. The context of the logic of torture is that there is contempt for body, wherein the body serves a possession of the sovereign. There is a political need for the sovereign to display his power which will serve as a recognition of his dominance over his subjects. In addition, this display of power actually runs through an internal organization of politicization and serves as a disciplining factor towards order. As Foucault mentions how the Enlightenment period called torture as an atrocity, atrocity is one of those that best designates the economy of public torture in the old penal practice.  [14]  (Focault, 1977) Further, he states that insofar as being the crime before everyones eyes in all its severity, the punishment must take responsibility for this atrocity: it must bring to light by confessions, statements, inscription that make it public, it must reproduce it in ceremonies that apply it to the body of the guilty person in the form of humiliation and pain. Atrocity is that p art of the crime that the punishment turns back as torture in order to display it in the full light of day  [15]  (Focault, 1977) In light of Michel Foucaults study of power, he shows how the display of excessive power can serve as a negative connotation towards disciplining society. In relation to the existence of political dynasties, their display of excessive power by means of running private armies or reliance on coercion in order to establish and maintain their power, could very well serve as a detriment to public order as well as to their own existence. This is where Vladimir Lenins theory on organization can come into play because power alone in a democratic society, especially excessive power, can clash with the values of democracy while power coupled with proper organization could compromise with the said values. Organization, furthermore, would tweak how power is distributed, dispersed and used on the sovereigns subjects. In the case of political dynasties where power is seen to be a tool used for political domination, power alongside organization can produce an effective dynasty, which operates on be half of and for the public rather than for itself and its interests. Good Sides to Political Dynasties In his book, What is to be done?, Vladimir Lenin talks about the importance of organization to serve as a focusing of all efforts towards a certain goal. An organized exercise of power would mean that there is a proper system that is undergone where it is both regulated and directed towards achieving a goal rather than just a spectacle. In the case of political dynasties, despite the weaknesses that they are prone to, it also has its strengths. Political dynasties provide continuity and political stability which is particularly obvious in provinces such as those held by the Josons of Nueva Ecija, Ortegas of La Union, and Dys of Isabela. There is minimal political risk and this plays a huge role when it comes to investments. With the continuity offered by political dynasties, investors can be assured that laws do not change mid-stream of an investors project and that business agreements made in the past would still be upheld in the succeeding generations. This sparks an interest in t erms of foreign corporations doing business in third world countries since it takes out premium on political instability insurance (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Furthermore, this continuity assures that the desired goal is achieved overtime and will be implemented throughout a long-term establishment made by these dynasties. In addition, their continued existence help promote continued progress and development, so long as the succeeding leader is actually capable and not just voted for his namesake. For example, a son who is to take the place of his fathers position in office, would be able to benefit from the experience and guidance of his father. Assuming that the succeeding leader has been trained from early on by the example of good leaders who have also lead from his dynasty, he would be able to emulate the good qualities and learn from mistakes made in the past as well as assure the constant upholding of the good qualities taught by his predecessors. By this process of lear ning from the example of the previous generations, they would have a huge advantage in terms of leadership and experience. An example of a prosperous region, which has been ruled under a political dynasty for over a century, is La Union. The family of Ortegas have occupied elective and appointed positions in the province since the 20th century. In 1901, Joaquin Ortega was appointed governor by the US colonial administration. In 2006, ten Ortegas were holding various elective posts in La Union  [16]  (Medel, 2007). The prosperity of the region speaks clearly, of how well the dynasty has managed. Boasting a 97% literacy rate and a 94.77% employment rate, La Union is classified as a first class province (La Union, 2007). The City of San Fernando is now the seat of national government agencies in Region I and center of trade, commerce, financial and educational institutions, among others. From a deep rooted potential of stable community governance, to international shipping, an airport with viable capacity to accommodate international air traffic, natural terrain conducive to tourism development and a pe ople endowed with cultural and virtuous heritage of industry, spirituality, nationalism and aspiration for growth, peace and prosperity, the City of San Fernando has emerged as the booming Metropolis of the North. (San Fernando City). In response to issues raised regarding the continued existence of a political dynasty in the region, Mayor Mary Jane C. Ortega replies, It is not an issue. Why punish people who deliver? Like in Frankfurt, they have a Mayor for 25 years and she keeps delivering. Look how developed Frankfurt is. It is not an issue if you are in power for a long time. It is not actually the length of service. It is the quality of service that you give. If the leader delivers, why punish him/ her? On the other hand, if you have a term limitation, three years is too long kung hindi naman nagdedeliver,  [17]  (Medel, 2007). Another respectable leader belonging to families with a background in political dynasties include Senator Mar Roxas, son of the illustrious Senator Gerry Roxas, and the grandson of the venerable President Manuel Roxas whose public service careers have greatly benefited the country. Mars public service life began in the House of Representatives in 1993. After his congressional stint, he was appointed as Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry; and then in 2004, he was elected to the Senate with a staggering 20 million votes the largest ever obtained by a candidate in any Philippine election. Mars stint in the House is most noted for his principal authorship of RA 7880, also known as the Roxas Law, which ensures fair distribution of the education capital budget among all the provinces. This gave life to his advocacy for fair and equitable access to education, free from regional bias and political patronage considerations. Owing to his record of accomplishments as a public se rvant and political leader, the international community described Mar as one of the young leaders in politics and business who will bring Asia and the Pacific to the forefront of world affairs. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Mar was named as one of the Global Leaders of Tomorrow who is expected to shape the future. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) Recently, the Singapore Government has awarded him as the 16th Lee Kuan Yew Fellow (Senator Mar A. Roxas). Another example of a leader who has chosen to stick by his principles despite the temptations offered by that of a political dynasty is Governor Barbers. Governor Robert Lyndon S. Barbers is the eldest son of Senator Robert Bobby Z. Barbers and Vergie Smith of Makati City. The family has a deep-rooted background in politics. His brother was second district Rep. of Surigao del Norte and was succeeded by other family members who ran for governor in the province. Despite his familys involvement in a political dynasty, Lyndon Barbers has made a clear stand against nepotism; relatives are banned from benefiting from any project on account of his position as Governor. This has been proven on several instances. A relative of his was once caught operating a sand-gravel quarrying business without a license or permit and was brought to court. In another instance, a cousin of his was arrested for illegal gambling operations  [18]  (Medel, 2007). In addition, there are many other families be longing to political dynasties that have also contributed a great deal into building the nation and serving its people. Families like the Magsaysays, Osmenas, Biazons, Cayetanos, Villars, Duavits, Escuderos, Espinas, Gordons, Madrigals, Mitras Plazas, and Rectos have done a good job of keeping a clean image. These are the leaders who prove that the political dynasty can be beneficial to society so long as it does not abuse its power. It cannot be discounted that one will not practice the use of power, although, there can be ways wherein this power can be diverted into good reasons to achieve societal order and development. This is what Vladimir Lenin is stresses when he mentions in his work that, Such workers, average people of the masses, are capable of displaying enormous energy and self-sacrifice in strikes and in street, battles with the police and the troops, and are capable (in fact, are alone capable) of determining the outcome of our entire movement but the struggle against the political police requires special qualities; it requires professional revolutionaries  [19]  (Lenin, 1902). In this quotation, Lenin stresses that organizing a mass of people requires a strategic use of power as opposed to a fueling of the mobs emotions. A possible historical example would be that of the American Revolution in contrast to the French revolution. The French revolution had failed to recognize their freedom becaus e they failed to organize their efforts of systemizing their revolution. The leaders of the French revolution relied solely on power and doing so led to the abuse and struggle of power. In the end, the French revolution served as a spectacle of disorganization, wherein towards the end, Napoleon Bonapartes emergence to take hold of power was recognized. This emergence of Napoleon from this disorganization is an opposite to that of an organized succession and transfer of power seen in the American Revolution. The American Revolution, through proper organization, gave birth to freedom, liberty and equality among the states. The transfer and succession of power from one president to another required organization as well as a regulation of their, being the presidents, powers. The political dynasty has its own share of pros and cons. There are examples of good political dynasties as well as bad ones. However, it is usually the faults of the political dynasty that are highlighted and scrutinized. More often than not, the news is filled with reports about charges of theft, plunder and whatnot. As a result of which, many have turned to the solution of trying to ban political dynasties completely. Laws Regarding Political Dynasties In terms of the legality of political dynasties, Art. II, Sec. 26 of the Constitution says, The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. However, there is no clear definition of political dynasties and therefore the provision is none self-executing. It is the most ignored policy by Congress due to certain reasons. The framers left it to the congress to define political dynasties which it has not done (Cruz, 2007). This loophole in the law has allowed the political dynasty to continue up to the present day even if it is technically not allowed. The only law being actively enforced to prevent the abuse of power is the term limits on elective positions. However, providing a term limit for elective officials is easily countered by having families pass on their power. To retain political hold on his constituents, a forcibly retired official arranges to have his wife, a mistress, one of his children, his own siblings, or a parent to occupy his position for one term. After which, he will be qualified again to run for office (Cruz, 2007). In an effort to ban political dynasties, there was an anti-dynasty bill that was filled by Majority Floor Leader Arthur Defensor of Iloilo. Section Five of House Bill 783, which reads, Any person who has a political dynasty relationship with an incumbent elective official is disqualified from running for any elective public office within the same city and/or province where the elective public official is running. This bill will only be proactive. It will not affect those who are already currently holding positions. The bill also limits the definition of a political dynasty relationship as existing only among relatives up to the second degree of affinity or consanguinity. Thus, only the spouse, children, siblings or parents of the incumbent are deemed disqualified and similar in-law relationship. The bill disallows a relative of an incumbent from running for a position like governor, vice governor, mayor, vice mayor, as these positions are vested executive power. Another distinct feat ure of this bill is that it allows relatives of the incumbent to run for posts such as board member or councilor where power is shared owing to the collegial nature of the office. The idea of the bill is to bar relatives from holding positions where power is concentrated in an individual, but not from positions where decision-making is made through deliberation and consensus (Bordadora, 2007). Solution to Problems Regarding Political Dynasties Although this new bill seems like a good and effective idea for countering the negative effects of the existence political dynasties, it has yet to have been decided by legislators whether this will be fully implemented or not. It is up to the Congress to decide whether this bill will be passed and it seems highly unlikely that they will do so. This is partly due to the fact that political dynasties have become so much a part of the current system of governance that it is almost impossible to change. I dont think it has much of a chance under the present Congress, stated Defensor regarding his opinion on possibility of the bill being passed (Bordadora, 2007). Like it or not, the emergence of political dynasties in the Philippines still operate well within the framework of so-called democracy (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). No matter how much effort is put against the political dynasty, it is here to stay. It is simply futile to hope for any change regarding the current laws on political dynasties. Instead of looking at something that is simply out of reach, people should realize that there lies a much simpler solution. It would be impossible to ban all political dynasties in general; however, it is possible to put an end to the bad political dynasties. People should realize that they are the ones who elect their leaders into office. No matter how strong a political dynasty may be, sovereignty is held by the people. At the end of the day, it will be the people to decide whether or not a dynasty will be succeeded. Absolute power is when you have a dictatorship. We still have to go through an election. The electorate will be the ones to dic tate who are the ones who will lead. The people have the power, not the officials  [20]  (Medel, 2007). All this talk about outlawing political dynasties and its bad effects would not even be necessary if people were to vote mor